Rare Gas
Hydrogen is the main industrial raw material, but also the most important industrial gas and special gas, in petrochemical, electronic industry, metallurgical industry, food processing, float glass, fine organic synthesis, aerospace and other aspects have a wide range of applications. At the same time, hydrogen is also an ideal secondary energy source (secondary energy refers to energy that must be produced by a primary energy source such as solar energy, coal, etc.). In general, hydrogen combines easily with oxygen. This property makes it a natural reducing agent for use in production that prevents oxidation. In the high-temperature processing of glass manufacturing and the manufacture of electronic microchips, hydrogen is added to the nitrogen shielding gas to remove residual oxygen. In the petrochemical industry, crude oil is refined by hydrogenation through desulfurization and hydrocracking. Another important use of hydrogen is the hydrogenation of fats in margarine, cooking oils, shampoos, lubricants, household cleaners and other products. Due to hydrogen's high fuelicity, the space industry uses liquid hydrogen as fuel.
Methane is an important fuel, the main component of natural gas, accounting for about 87%. In the room temperature environment of standard pressure, methane is colorless and odorless; The special smell of household natural gas is an artificial smell added for safety, usually using methyl mercaptan or Z mercaptan. In an atmospheric pressure environment, the boiling point of methane is -161 °C. As long as the gas content in the air exceeds 5% ~ 15%, it is very flammable. Liquefied methane will not burn, except in a high-pressure environment (usually 4~5 atmosphere). Chinese national standards stipulate that methane cylinders are brown with white characters.
Acetylene can be used for lighting, welding and cutting metal (oxyalkyne flame), and is also the basic raw material for the manufacture of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, benzene, synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber, etc.
Propane is a by-product of processing natural gas or refined crude oil. In the process of processing natural gas, butane, propane and a large amount of ethane must be removed from the raw gas, otherwise these volatiles will condense in the natural gas pipeline. The process of refining crude oil. Propane appears as a by-product in the production of gasoline and fuel oil by cracking petroleum. Because it is a by-product, propane production cannot be easily changed according to demand.
Carbon monoxide is produced in many industrial processes, such as ammonia synthesis feed gas, yellow phosphorus production tail gas, and blast furnace gas and converter gas in the iron and steel industry. In terms of carbon monoxide resources, the amount of steel plant gas is huge. Where the purity of carbon monoxide is high and the demand is not particularly large, a carbon monoxide production device is often built, or by-product gas with lower processing costs is used. Commonly used methods are coke oxygen method, carbon dioxide and charcoal reduction method, carbon dioxide is passed into the charcoal layer of the electric furnace to be reduced to carbon monoxide, and ammonia copper washing regeneration method.
Heating ammonium nitrate can generate nitrous oxide and water, and the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate in industry can produce 95% pure nitrous oxide, and one laughing gas molecule is combined with six water molecules. When a large amount of laughing gas is dissolved in the water, and then the water is cooled, there will be laughing gas crystals. When the crystals are heated, the laughing gas will escape, and people use the property of laughing gas to make high-purity laughing gas.
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